Effects of Pavis on melee

If a mounted unit charges an infantry unit armed with Pavis does it take a -1 in combat?

The rulebook at 3.6.2 states that Pavis give a -1 against frontal fire, contrasting with portable stakes which give a -1 in combat, and in the melee section it states that mounted also lose their impetus bonus against pavis.

But in the tactical modifier section it says there is -1 for troops which charge units defended by fortifications or protections. Are Pavis included here?

I think you have to say that stakes are not 'protections', despite the heading of rule 3.6.2. Stakes only give the specific benefits of that rule. It takes a whole move to set up or remove the stakes (rule 5.6.1). They 'belong' to the specific T unit in the sense that no other unit can get the benefits of them.

Pavises 'and other mobile protections' give different benefits. They give -1 to fire, -1 in melee and cavalry lose impetus. The -1 for fire is in rule 3.6.2 but the other benefits come from rules 7.4 and 7.5. Again, pavises 'belong' to the specific unit, and can move with it, its speed being reduced as compared to a normal T.

Fortifications are more substantial. Mounted troops cannot charge them at all (rule 3.6.1). They give a -2 to fire, other than from artillery who get -1 (rule 6.1.3). In melee, which can only be with infantry, they give -1 and a loss of impetus (rule 3.6.1). Finally, fortifications 'belong' to the army so any unit can gain the benefit of them. They cannot move at all. There is a tutorial about how fortifications work in EI2.

RogerC